history of deo

cflbaf;L cNk;+Vos b]j hfltM Ps kl/ro

                                               

!= g]kfndf b]jsf]; ;+lIfKt O{ltxf;

·        g]kfnsf] Oltxf;sf] klxnf] k|x/d} b]lvPsf zf;s / zfl;t ¿kdf hfltx¿ k|foM t/fO{s} s'g} g s'g} efudf k|l;l4 hdfP/ a;]dWo]sf b]lvG5g\ . ltgdf @%)) aif{ cl3sf] slknj:t'sf zfSo / /fdu|fd jf sf]lnu|fdsf sf]lnonfO{ lng ;lsG5 . ljb]x, ldlynf, lt/e'lQm jf lt/x't h] eg] klg ;f] If]q g]kfnsf] t/fO{;“u ;Da4 g} 5 . ljb]x dfyjn] cfkmgf k'/f]lxt uf}td /x'u0fsf ;fy ;/:jtLsf] t6jtL{ k|b]zaf6 ;bfgL/f u08s t/]/ ljb]x k'uL /fHo:yfkgf u/]sf] a'lemG5 . j}lbs ;do O= k"= !%))—%)) ;DdnfO{ dflgG5 . !)(& O= b]lv o; ldlynf If]qdf sgf{6j+zL /fhf gfGob]jn] l;d|f}gu9 ‑af/f lhNnfdf cjl:yt_ nfO{ /fhwfgL agfO{ o; If]qdf cfkmgf] clwsf/ sfod u/] . o;/L t/fO{ dw]zdf dfgj a;f]af;sf] O{ltxf; k"/fgf] 5 .

·        xhf/ aif{ eGbf klxn]b]lv k"aL{ g]kfnsf] ;Kt/L lhNnf / o;sf] j/k/ a;f]af; /xb} cfPsf] b]jx?sf] O{ltxf; Pltxfl;s a[lHh cGt{ut lnlR5jL tyf l;d|f}gu9;+u /x]sf] b]lvg cfp5 . u+uf / u08ssf] bf]efgdf /x]sf] a[lHh ;+3 cGtu{tsf] zlQmzfnL lnlR5jLx?sf] duw;+usf] ktg;+u} ltgLx?sf] g]kfntkm{sf] cfujg;+u} g]kfnsf] t/fO{ / sf7df08f}df lnlR5jLx? cfafb ePsf] O{ltxf; csf6o 5 / t/fO{df a;f]af;x? logLx? dWo] s]xL b]jn] lrlgg yflnPsf] x'g;S5 .

·        l;d|f]gu9sf] O{ltxf; / xfnsf] b]jx?sf] O{ltxf; cToGt} glhs dflgG5 . O{ltxf;sf/ xl/sfGtnfn bf;sf cg';f/ tTsflng l;d|f}gu9sf /fhf zs|l;+x b]jn] /fhkf7 5f8]/ ;Kt/L cfO a;]sf] / ;v8fdf cfkmgf] s"nb]jtfsf] :yfkgf u/]sf] kfO{G5 h'g xfn cfP/ l5gd:tf eujtLsf] gfdn] k|Voft 5 / k"aL{ g]kfndf s+sfngLsf] gfdn] o:tf zlQmkL7x? /x]sf 5g . zs|l;+x -s;}s;}n] z+s/ l;+x klg eGg] u/]sf] kfO{G5_ b]jn] ;s/k'/f ufp a;fn]sf] / o;sf] j/k/ ;'/Iffsfnflu gx/ agfPsf] kfO{G5 / zs|l;+xsf] gfdaf6 g} ;s/k'/f ePsf] laZjf; ul/G5 . ToxLaf6 ltgsf ;Gtfg laifx/Lof cfO{ a;]sf] / kl5s|dz ;Kt/L / g]kfn ef/tsf] l;dfgfsf s]xL ufpx?df km}lnPsf] x'g ;S5 . kl5 l;d|f}gu9sf] ktg;+u} s0ff{6a+zLx? pQ/ / k"a{lt/ nfu]sf] laZjf; ul/G5 . b]jx? yf]/} ;+Vofdf ;Kt/Llt/ dfq e]l6g'n] klg b]jx?sf] ;DaGw l;d|f}gu9;+u /x]sf] glhs b]lvG5 . tTsflng l;d|f}gu9sf tTsflng /fhf xl/l;+x b]jn] ;g !!@& df rnfPsf] k+hL k|aGw xfn;Dd klg b]jx?df sfod} 5 . ;s/k'/fdf bzdLsf] ci6dL lbg zlQmkL7sf] ?kdf kf8fsf] anL / tTsflng l;d|f}gu9df lbO{g] o:tf] anL / rngn] klg b]jx?sf] ;DaGw tTsflng l;d|f}gu9sf] ;DaGw /x]sf] b]lvG5 / o; ;DaGwL yk, cWoog cg';Gwfgsf]\ cfjZos 5 .

·        l;d|f}gu9sf] ktgkl5 / g]kfnsf] t/fO{df ;]gx?sf] pbox'bf;Dd b]jx? ;Kt/Ldf 7"nf hldGbf/sf] ?kdf lyP . O{ltxf;ljb df]xg k|;fb vgfn n]V5g –…d's'Gb ;]gsf] ;dodf - ;g !%@) b]lv !%%#_;Kt/Lb]lv k;f{;Dd :yfgLo hldGbf/x?sf] Toxfsf] k|uGgf -lhNnfx? eGbf 7"nf] _ / tfKs]x?df zf;g lyof] . To;dWo] pbo lu/L, s0f{ b]j, aNnj b]j, b'n{e b]jx?sf] ;Kt/Ldf k|efj lyof] .

·        b]jx? yf]/} ;+Vof / l;ldt If]qdf a:g] ePsfn] w]/}sf] gh/df b]j hfltsf] af/]df cgle1tf /x]sf] kfO{G5 . g]kfndf clt sd ;+Vofdf dw]zL d"nsf] b]j hfltsf] 5'§} klxrfg k|i6 x'bfx'b} lautsf hgu0fgfx?df b]jnfO{ sxL st} g/flvbf b]jx?n] klxrfgsf] ;d:of ef]lu/]sf] 5 . s'g} lglZrt k]zf gePsf] b]jx? rf/ a0ff{>df sxL st} kb]{gg . :yfgLo :t/df b]jnfO{ Aof; klg eGg] ul/G5 . Aof; l/ifL jf afO; kl/jf/;+usf] ;DaGwsf sf/0f o;f] elgPsf] x'g ;S5 . ldlynf ;+:s[lt cGtu{t lo hflt b]jsf] ?kdf cNk;+Vos eP/ klg 5'§} cl:tTj / uf}/jsf] ?kdf cfkmgf] klxrfg sfod /fvL a;]sf 5g . b]jx?df b]j / rf}w/L y/ k|rlnt 5 .

@= hg;+Vof÷km}nfj6

dfly pNn]v ul/;s]sf] 5 ls b]jx? ;+Vofut lx;fjn] Hofb} Go"g 5g\ . g]kfnsf] hg;+Vofsf] )=)@!Ü hg;+Vof /x]sf] b]jx?sf] d"n af;f]af; If]q ;Kt/L lhNnsf g} xf] . xfn clw/fHosf] ljleGg efux? h:tf] sf7df8f+}, lj/f6gu/, hgsk'/, emfkf, l;/fxf, g]kfnuGh df ;d]t b]jx? yf]/ ax't ?kdf :yfoL a;f]af; u/L /x]sf] 5g\ . oL 7fpFx?df kfOg] b]jx? d"ntM :Kt/Laf6 g} cfPsf x'gfn] b]jx?sf] hg;+Vof jf;:yfg ;Kt/L cGtu{t /flvP/ cWoog ul/Psf] 5 . !((* df ul/Psf] la:t[t ;e]{ cg';f/ b]]jx?sf] s'n hg;+Vof %#!! lyof eg] clxn] g]kfndf *))) sf] xf/fxf/L b]jx? x'g ;S5 . b]jx?sf] jf;:yfg b"/Lsf] lx;fjn] s]lx km/s km/s 7fpFdf ePtf klg ;du|df j;f]jf; If]q Ps csf{;+u glhs  /x]sf] kfOG5 .

 #= ;fdflhs tyf cfly{s kIf M

ax';+Vos b]jx? s[lif k]zfdf nfu]sf 5g t/ lxhf] cfh cfo>f]tsf] d"Vo k]zf eg]sf] gf]s/L x'g k'u]sf] 5 . x'g t Jofkf/ pBf]u tkm{ klg b]jx? pGd'v b]lvG5g\ . o;f] x'g'sf] k|d'v sf/0f gf]s/L  kfpg ufx|f] x'Fb} hfg[' xf] . b]jx? Klxn] 7"nf hldGbf/sf ?kdf k|Voft lyP . ;du|df b]jx?sf] cfly{s kIf cf};t /x]sf] 5 – obL ;/b/ g]kfnLsf] t'ngfdf ug{] xf] eg] .   

b]jx?sf] k/Dk/fut s[lif k]zf /x] klg hdLgdflysf] :jfldTodf laut @) aif{otfaf6 Aofks Xf; cfPsf]n] s[lifaf6 hLjLsf]kfh{g ca ;Dej /x]g . b]jx? gf]s/Ltkm{ a9L nfu]sf] kfO{G5 . lzIff If]qdf logLx?sf] ;du| cj:yf 7Ls} tyf dWood dflgP klg a]/f]huf/Lsf] ;d:of /x]sf] 5 / cNk;+Votf tyf /fhgLltdf kx'r gx'bf cl3 a9g ufÅf] /x]sf] b]lvG5 . u|fld0f If]qsf] cfly{s cj:yf v/fa dfGg' k5{ . ;du|df b]jx?sf] ;fdflhs cfly{s cj:yf dWood dfGg' k5{ .

b]jsf ;d:ofx?M

·        cNk;+Vossf sf/0fn] ax';+Vosn] cNk;+VosnfO{ lyrf]ldrf] x'b} cfPsf] dx;"; b]jx? ub{5g . hftLo /fhgLlt pTsif{df /x]sf]n] ax';+Vosx?sf] lyrf]ldrf]sf] ;d:of b]jx?sf] /x]sf] 5 .

·        To:t} a]/f]huf/L ;d:of / cGo laleGg sf/0fx?n] cfly{s cj:yf v:sbf] 5 . ;du|df cNk;+Vos ePs} gftfn] b]jx?df cnu ynu ePsf] dx;"; x'g glbg] laZjAofkL nf]stflGqs d"No dfGotfnfO{ :yflkt ug{ b]jx?nfO{ cNk;+Vosdf ;"lrs[t ug{ lgtfGt cfjZos 5 / o;af6 dfq b]jx?sf] /fhgLlts tyf /fHo ;+oGqx?df clwsf/ :yflkt ug{ d4t k'Ug] 5 . 

t;y{ b]jx? 5'§} cNk;+Vos dw]zL cflbaf;Lsf ?kdf /xb} cfPsf]n] ;+ljwfgk|bQ ;a}sf] klxrfgsf] ;Ddfg x'g kfpg] laZjAofkL k|rng cg';f/ cfpbf] hgu0fgfdf b]j x?nfO{ ;dfj]z u/L cNk;+Vossf] ?kdf klxrfg ug'{ kg]{ dfu ub{5 .

b]j ;DaGwL ;Gbe{;fdu|L ePsf k':tsx+?

·        n]vs …g]kfnsf] dw]zL ;dfhÚ k|sfzs /Tg k':ts e08f/ xf] .

·         Tarai/Madhesh of Nepal: An Anthropological Study. k|sfzs /Tg k':ts e08f/